Within the text, the citations are denoted numerically by a superscript.įollow these general guidelines while creating Chicago style footnotes and endnotes: The sources referred to on each page are listed in the footnotes at the end of the page or in endnotes at the end of the document.

It also accommodates sources that may not fit into the author-date system, such as webpages with no author or literary sources with no single date of publication. This is primarily because the notes-bibliography style is flexible to accommodate a variety of unconventional academic sources like videos, online sources, transcripts, etc. This Chicago style citation format is commonly used in humanities-in disciplines such as history, art, and literature. This is usually followed by a bibliography at the end of the paper. In the notes and bibliography style, in-text citations are marked by footnotes or endnotes, with source numbers indicated by superscripts (raised text) within the text. Read on to know more about each style and when you can use them in your academic writing. What Chicago citation format you should use depends on your discipline and the guidelines given to you by instructors or publishers. Aside from differences in the style of in-text citations, the notes-bibliography system and the author-date system share a similar structure and formatting style. Researchers and writers can create a Chicago style citation in two ways: the notes and bibliography system or the author-date system. It is currently in its 17th edition (as of 2017).

Since its original publication in 1906, the Chicago Manual of Style has evolved a lot. In this article, we’ll explore both forms of citation for a Chicago style paper and provide several examples you can emulate. Unlike other commonly used citation formats like APA or MLA, there are two varieties of Chicago style citations.

Chicago style endnotes example